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Course Title: Academic Biology Department: ScienceGrade Level: 9 - 10Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes /everyday Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Nowicki. Biology; Houghton, Mifflin, HarcourtUnits of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to Biology (Characteristics of Life and Themes of Biology)
Unit 2: Biochemistry
Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function
Unit 4: Membranes and Transport
Unit 5: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Unit 6: DNA Structure and Replication
Unit 7: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis
Unit 8: DNA to Protein
Unit 9: Biotechnology
Unit 10: Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics
Unit 11: Complex Inheritance and Human Genetics
Unit 12: Evolution
Unit 13: EcologyCurriculum-Based Assessments: Midterm and Final Exams, Laboratory ConclusionsStandardized Assessments: Pennsylvania Keystone Exam - BiologyDescription of Course:This course is designed to be an introductory course for college-bound students. This course presents the current understandings of biology within a pattern of unifying themes that help students understand the larger significance of the details they are learning. Students are taught to think critically about concepts and relate them to the world in which they live and demonstrate these understandings with scientific explanations. Areas of study include molecular and cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Lab investigations, individual and group projects are used to demonstrate various biological principles and to reinforce key concepts. All students completing a Biology course are required to take the end of course Keystone Biology Exam as mandated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. The Keystone Exam score is not calculated in the student’s final course grade.
Course Title: Honors Biology Department: Science
Grade Level: 9-10Time Per Day/Week: 41 Min per Day/5 days per week Length of Course: Year
Units of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to BiologyUnit 2: BiochemistryUnit 3: Cell Structure, and FunctionUnit 4: Cell Membranes and TransportUnit 5: Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationUnit 6: DNA Structure and ReplicationUint 7: Cell Cycle and MitosisUnit 8: DNA and ProteinUnit 9: BiotechnologyUnit 10: Meiosis and Mendelian GeneticsUnit 11: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and Human GeneticsUnit 12: EvolutionUnit 13: Ecology
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Chapter Tests/Quizzes, Written Conclusions/Essays, Midterm and Final
Standardized Assessments: Biology Keystone Exam, 3 Preparatory Classroom Diagnostic Tests
Description of Course:This course is designed to be a rigorous introductory course for college-bound students interested in a field of science or medicine. This class utilizes reading, writing, and higher-order thinking skills in efforts to develop competency in the sciences. Students analyze, interpret, and evaluate the validity of experimental data in order to draw conclusions about biological principles. Students taking Honors Biology must recognize that there is an obligation to do considerable work outside the classroom, both in individual studies and collaborative work. Areas of study include molecular and cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Lab investigations are used to demonstrate various biological principles and reinforce key concepts. All students taking a biology course are required to complete the end of year Biology Keystone Exam as mandated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education as per the Pine Richland School Board. The Keystone Exam score is NOT calculated as part of the student’s course grade.
Course Title: Earth Science Department: Science
Grade Level: 9-10Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes everyday Length of Course: YearUnits of Study:Unit 1: Geology, Astronomy, Meteorology, and OceanographyUnit 2: Branches of Earth ScienceUnit 3: Interior of the earthUnit 4: Plate tectonicsUnit 5: EarthquakesUnit 6: VolcanoesUnit 7: MappingUnit 8: MineralsUnit 9: RocksUnit 10: Surface processes-erosion and weatheringUnit 11: Energy productionUnit 12: Meteorology
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Unit tests, lab assessments, mid-term and final exam
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed to provide the student with a better understanding of the earth, its environment, and place in the universe. Emphasis is placed on the physical laws of nature and the effects that they have on our environment. The areas of geology, meteorology and the environment are also viewed with their relations to the other sciences. A variety of laboratory investigations are conducted to reinforce the concepts studied and to introduce the student to basic laboratory procedures. Throughout the year emphasis is placed on the improvement of reading and writing skills within a scientific framework. This will help prepare students to take the Biology Keystone Exam in their sophomore year.
Grade Level: 10Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes /everyday Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Nowicki. Biology; Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt
Units of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to BiologyUnit 2: BiochemistryUnit 3: Cell Structure, and FunctionUnit 4: Cell Membranes and TransportUnit 5: Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationUnit 6: DNA Structure and ReplicationUint 7: Cell Cycle and MitosisUnit 8: DNA and ProteinUnit 9: BiotechnologyUnit 10: Meiosis and Mendelian GeneticsUnit 11: Complex Patterns of Inheritance and Human GeneticsUnit 12: EvolutionUnit 13: EcologyCurriculum Based Assessments: Unit Assessments, Lab Assessments, Midterm/Final Exam
Standardized Assessments: Pennsylvania State Biology Keystone Exam
Description of Course:This course is designed to give a broad overview of biology. Students have presented a summary of topics and focus on a pattern of unifying themes. Emphasis is placed upon the improvement of reading, and writing skills within a scientific framework. Topics covered include but are not limited to molecular and cellular biology, genetics, evolution, and ecology. Topics of academic biology are taught at a slower pace and depth tailored to student need. Activities, laboratory experiments, and models are utilized to present concepts. All students completing a Biology course are required to take the end of course Keystone Biology Exam as mandated by the Pennsylvania Department of Education. Students are provided benchmarks of review with tier 2 interventions for remediation prior to Keystone Exam Testing. The Keystone Exam score is not calculated in the student’s final course grade.Course Title: Academic Chemistry with Lab Department: ScienceGrade Level: 10, 11, 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/5 days a week, an additional 42 minutes every other day (lab days)Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Pearson Chemistry; PearsonUnits of Study:
Unit 1: Safety and Measurement
Unit 2: Matter and Change
Unit 3: The Atom and Isotopes
Unit 4: Electrons and Quantum Mechanics
Unit 5: The Periodic Table
Unit 6: Ionic Bonding and Nomenclature
Unit 7: Covalent Bonding and Nomenclature
Unit 8: The Mole
Unit 9: Chemical Reactions
Unit 10: Stoichiometry
Unit 11: Thermodynamics and the Causes of Change
Unit 12: Gas Laws
Unit 13: Solutions
Unit 14: Acids and BasesCurriculum-Based Assessments: Unit quizzes, tests, and laboratory activitiesStandardized Assessments: N/ADescription of Course:This course is designed to introduce the basic principles of inorganic chemistry. Emphasis is placed upon the improvement of existing reading, writing, and algebraic mathematical skills within a scientific framework. Laboratory experiments are completed to learn problem-solving skills and provide authentic examples of concepts. The topics of Academic Chemistry are taught at an intermediate pace and depth. Topics studies include matter and energy, atomic theory, bonding, nomenclature, the mole, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, solutions, acids and bases and gas laws.Course Title: Academic Physics with Lab Department: ScienceGrade Level: 10-12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/every day; 15 times per two weeks (lab every other day)Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Physics; Principals & Problems; Glencoe/McGraw-HillUnits of Study:Unit 1: The Nature of ScienceUnit 2: KinematicsUnit 3: Newton’s LawsUnit 4: MomentumUint 5: EnergyUnit 6: Rotational KinematicsUnit 7: Rotational DynamicsUnit 8: Waves and Electromagnetic Radiation
Curriculum Based Assessments: Quizzes, unit exams, performance assessments, midterm and final examsStandardized Assessments: N/ADescription of Course:Physics is a course designed to provide students with a conceptual understanding of how and why objects and waves move. Students gain knowledge of physical phenomena and the scientific process through extensive experimentation, problem-solving, and critical thinking. The Nature of Science reminds students of the scientific method and provides opportunities for students to increase their understanding of data collection and analysis. In Kinematics, students learn the principles governing how objects move, and in Newton's Laws, students learn how to make objects move. The momentum and energy units explore how, why, and when momentum and energy are conserved and how these principles govern why objects move the way they do. All these principles are extended to objects moving in circles in rotational kinematics and dynamics. Finally, we end the year by exploring the physics of waves and electromagnetic radiation. We will use mathematical representations to describe the relationships between wave characteristics and study the historical underpinnings and communication implications of the wave-particle duality. We will also evaluate questions about the advantages of digital transmission and storage of information and claims about the effects of electromagnetic radiation on matter.
Grade Level: 10 - 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes /everyday Length of Course: Semester
Primary Resources: Keystone Finish Line: Biology. The Continental Press
Units of Study:Unit 1: Basic Biological PrinciplesUnit 2: The Chemical Basis for LifeUnit 3: BioenergeticsUnit 4: Homeostasis and TransportUnit 5: Cell Growth and ReproductionUnit 6: GeneticsUnit 7: Theory of EvolutionUnit 8: Ecology
Curriculum-Based Assessments: USA Test Prep unit assessments and lab work
Standardized Assessments: Pennsylvania Keystone Exam - Biology
Description of Course:This course is designed to help students understand the key concepts embedded in the Pennsylvania Standards in Biology. Students will be given an initial assessment of Biology content. An individualized content review will be created for each student based on their assessment results. In addition to content review, students will work through a Keystone preparation program in order to increase their understandings of the key concepts and demonstrate their understanding through the Biology Keystone Exam or local assessment. This course is only available to students who have yet to achieve a score of proficient or advanced on the Biology Keystone Exam.
Course Title: Comparative Anatomy and Physiology Department: Science
Grade Level: 10-12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/day Length of Course: YearUnits of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to the Animal KingdomUnit 2: Sponges, Cnidarians and Unsegmented WormsUnit 3: Mollusk and Segmented WormsUnit 4: Arthropods and EchinodermsUnit 5: Fish and AmphibiansUnit 6: AmniotesUnit 7: Introduction to the Human BodyUnit 8: The Integumentary SystemUnit 9: The Skeletal SystemUnit 10: The Muscular SystemUnit 11: Blood and the Cardiovascular SystemUnit 12: The Nervous System and the Senses
Curriculum Based Assessments: Section quizzes, Unit tests, Midterm exam, Final exam
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed for college-bound students who are interested in learning about the anatomy and physiology of various animals and of humans. The first semester is spent learning about the major phyla of the Animal Kingdom. The second semester focuses on the various organs and systems of the human body and examines how these organs and systems interact with one another. Lab investigations and dissections emphasize and reinforce key concepts.Course Title: Honors Chemistry with Lab Department: Science
Grade Level: 10-12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/5 days a week, an additional 42 minutes every other day (lab days)Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Chemistry; Pearson Prentice Hall
Units of Study:Unit 1: Safety and MeasurementUnit 2: Matter and ChangeUnit 3: The Atom and IsotopesUnit 4: Electrons and Quantum MechanicsUnit 5: The Periodic TableUnit 6: Ionic Bonding and NomenclatureUnit 7: Covalent Bonding and NomenclatureUnit 8: The MoleUnit 9: Chemical ReactionsUnit 10: StoichiometryUnit 11: Thermodynamics and the Causes of ChangeUnit 12: Gas LawsUnit 13: SolutionsUnit 13: Acids and Bases
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Unit quizzes, tests, and laboratory activities
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed to provide an introduction to the basic principles of inorganic chemistry at an in-depth and rigorous pace. A strong mathematical foundation is required. Problem-solving and critical thinking skills are stressed. Student-centered inquiry-based laboratory investigations supplement and reinforce topics covered. Students are required to present their laboratory findings using scientific writing. Topics of Honors Chemistry are taught at a rigorous pace and depth. Topics studied include matter and energy, atomic theory, bonding, nomenclature, the mole, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, acids and bases and gas laws.
Grade Level: 10-12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/day Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Human Anatomy & Physiology; Pearson
Units of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and PhysiologyUnit 2: The Integumentary SystemUnit 3: The Skeletal SystemUnit 4: The Muscular SystemUnit 5: The Nervous SystemUnit 6: The Special SensesUnit 7: The Endocrine SystemUnit 8: The Cardiovascular SystemUnit 9: The Respiratory SystemUnit 10: The Digestive SystemUnit 11: The Urinary SystemUnit 12: The Reproductive System
Curriculum Based Assessments: Section quizzes, Lab practical quizzes and tests, Unit tests, Individual and group projects, Midterm exam, Final exam
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:Honors Human Anatomy & Physiology is designed for college-bound students who plan to enter careers that require extensive knowledge of human anatomy and physiology. The course focuses on the structure and function of the major body systems with an emphasis on the interrelationships between these systems. Lab investigations will supplement class lectures and will include dissections and computer probeware-based activities. Independent research projects and scientific journal readings will enable in-depth study of course topics and allow for the exploration of new medical research and technologies. This course is directed towards students with a serious interest in the medical field and requires significant study time outside of class for successful completion. Emphasis is placed on the development of critical thinking skills that will enhance the ability to correlate structure and function and better understand how the human body maintains homeostasis.
Grade Level: 10-12Time Per Day/Week: 315 minters per week Length of Course: Year
Primary Resources: College Physics; Cengage Learning
Units of Study:Unit1: The Nature of ScienceUnit 2: KinematicsUnit 3: Newton’s LawsUnit 4: Energy, MomentumUnit 5: Rotational KinematicsUnit 6: Rotational Dynamics
Curriculum Based Assessments: Quizzes, Unit Exams, Performance Assessments, Midterm and Final ExamStandardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:After an introduction to methods of measurement and problem-solving techniques, the following physical concepts are covered: motion, vector analysis, forces, work, energy, and rotational motion. The course has a heavy emphasis on problem-solving, mathematical reasoning and laboratory techniques.
Course Title: Environmental Science Department: Science
Grade Level: 11th and 12th GradeTime Per Day/Week: 42 Min per Day/5 days per week Length of Course: Year
Units of Study:Unit 1: Introduction and SustainabilityUnit 2: Dynamic Earth CyclesUnit 3: Earth’s Climate and BiomesUnit 4: Ecosystem EcologyUnit 5: Population EcologyUnit 6: Human Population Growth and ChangeUnit 7: Water Resources: Supply and PollutionUnit 8: Air: Quality and PollutionUnit 9: Green Design and Building
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Chapter Tests/Quizzes, Written Conclusions/Essays, Midterm and Final
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive background in scientific principles and concepts in the area of Environmental Science. This course is focused on providing students with a working knowledge of current environmental problems, the interactions of organisms with their environments and Pennsylvania's state standards in ecology. Further concentration will be placed on understanding the physical, biological and chemical interrelationships within the environment and lab activities that promote problem-solving through group activity and technology.Course Title: Advanced Placement Biology Department: Science
Grade Level: 11 & 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes-5 days/week; additional 42 minutes every other day (lab)Length of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Campbell Biology; PearsonUnits of Study:
Unit 1: The Chemistry of Life
Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
Unit 4: Cell Cycle
Unit 5: Heredity
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
Unit 7: Natural Selection
Unit 8: EcologyCurriculum-Based Assessments: Section quizzes, Chapter tests, Lab notebooks and reports
Standardized Assessments: Advanced Placement Biology Exam
Description of Course:
This course is designed for students who wish to continue the study of biological sciences in college. It is based on the Advanced Placement Biology Curriculum. Intensified studies in molecular and cellular biology emphasize biological chemistry, photosynthesis, cellular respiration and fermentation, protein synthesis and DNA replication. Units in genetics dealing with inheritance patterns and gene expression as well as population genetics are also covered along with units in microbiology. The core scientific principles, theories, and processes governing living organisms and biological systems are explored. Laboratory investigations supplement all course work. Students who elect this course have the opportunity to be adequately prepared for the AP test in Biology.
Grade Level: 11 - 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes every day / additional 42 minutes every other dayLength of Course: YearPrimary Resources: Chemistry; McGraw-HillUnits of Study:Unit 1: The chemical elements are the building blocks of matter, which can be understood in terms of the arrangements of atoms.Unit 2: Chemical and physical properties of materials can be explained by the structure and the arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules and the forces between them.Unit 3: Changes in matter involve the rearrangement and/or reorganization of atoms and/or the transfer of electrons.Unit 4: Rates of chemical reactions are determined by details of the molecular collisions.Unit 5: The laws of thermodynamics describe the essential role of energy and explain and predict the direction of changes in matter.Unit 6: Bonds or attractions that can be formed can be broken. These two processes are in constant competition, sensitive to initial conditions and external forces or changes.Curriculum-Based Assessments: Midterm and Final Exams, Laboratory ConclusionsStandardized Assessments: Advanced Placement Test: ChemistryDescription of Course:This course is designed to provide students with a learning experience equivalent to that of an introductory college course in chemistry and includes those topics covered in a typical college-level chemistry course. AP Chemistry differs significantly from Honors Chemistry with respect to the range and depth of topics covered, the emphasis on chemical calculations and the mathematical formulation of principles, the nature, and variety of laboratory work done by students, and the time and effort required of students. Students are prepared to meet the challenge of the AP Chemistry exam offered in early May. Every incoming student is expected to come to AP Chemistry with a thorough understanding of the concepts taught in first-year chemistry. A recommended review packet is made available in the spring and should be completed before beginning the AP Chemistry course in the fall. Students that can successfully complete this packet will have the prerequisite understanding required for this course.
Grade Level: 11 and 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/day Length of Course: Year
Primary Resources:
Units of Study:Unit 1: Life Cycle of a StarUnit 2: Night Sky - Summer TriangleUint 3: Size/Scale Solar System, Galaxy, UniverseUnit 4: Night Sky - Circumpolar SkyUnit 5: Night Sky - Fall SkyUnit 6: Constellation MythologyUnit 7: Night Sky - Winter HexagonUnit 8: Night Sky - Spring Sky IUnit 9: Night Sky - Spring Sky IIUnit 10: General AstronomyUnit 11: Phases of the MooUnit 12: Night Sky - Cumulative Sky UnitUnit 13: NEO (Near Earth Objects)Unit 14: SETI/Life ElsewhereUnit 15: Night Sky - Southern Hemisphere Section
Curriculum-Based Assessments:Unit TestsLab AssessmentsMid-Term/Final ExamsSpecific Assessments
Life Cycle of a Star
-Life Cycle Star Project, Life Cycle of Star QuizNight Sky - Summer Triangle
Night Sky - Circumpolar SkyNight Sky - Fall Sky
Night Sky - Winter HexagonNight Sky - Spring Sky I
Night Sky - Spring Sky II
-Drawing Tests and Sky TestsSize/Scale Solar System, Galaxy, Universe
-Size/Scale Activity, Size/Scale TestConstellation Mythology
-Mythology Project and Myth QuizzesGeneral Astronomy/Seasons
-General Astronomy Project and Quiz
Phases of the Moon/Reverse Phases
-Quiz on moon phasesNight Sky - Cumulative Sky Unit
-Mini/Big Spin Test and Big/Final Sky TestNEO (Near Earth Objects)
SETI/Life Elsewhere
-Quiz
-Quiz
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:Astronomy is divided into two major areas of study. Naked eye astronomy introduces students to the scale of the universe, movements and perceived movements of the earth and visible bodies. Through research and use of the planetarium, students learn the classical mythology of the sky and are able to identify constellations and locate and name prominent stars. No need for an APP! The second area includes the historical development of astronomy, production of light, spectroscopy, stellar evolution, galaxies, sun, moon, solar system, cosmology, and celestial navigation techniques.
Course Title: Chemistry with Lab Department: Science
Grade Level: 10, 11 and 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes/5 days a week, additional 42 minutes every other day (lab)Length of Course: Year
Primary Resources: Pearson Chemistry; PearsonUnits of Study:Unit 1: Safety and MeasurementUnit 2: Matter and ChangeUnit 3: The Atom and IsotopesUnit 4: Electrons and Quantum MechanicsUnit 5: The Periodic TableUnit 6: Ionic Bonding and NomenclatureUnit 7: Covalent Bonding and NomenclatureUnit 8: The MoleUnit 9: Chemical ReactionsUnit 10: StoichiometryUnit 11: Thermodynamics and the Causes of ChangeUnit 12: Gas LawsUnit 13: SolutionsUnit 14: Acids and Bases
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Chapter Quizzes, Unit Exams, and Laboratory Exercises
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed to provide an introduction to the basic principles of inorganic chemistry. Emphasis is placed upon the improvement of reading, writing, and mathematical skills within a scientific framework. Laboratory experiments are provided to reinforce basic skills and develop good laboratory techniques. Topics of Chemistry are taught at a slower pace.
Course Title: CHS Physics Department: Physics
Grade Level: 11-12Time Per Day/Week: 315 minutes/week Length of Course: Year
Primary Resources: Fundamentals of Physics; WileyUnits of Study:Unit 1: The Nature of ScienceUnit 2: KinematicsUnit 3: Vector AlgebraUnit 4: Newton’s LawsUnit 5: EnergyUnit 6: Linear MomentumUnit 7: RotationUnit 8: GravitationUnit 9: Oscillations and WavesUnit 10: Thermodynamics
Curriculum Based Assessments: Quizzes, unit exams, performance assessments, midterm and final exams
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is a dual enrollment study between the University of Pittsburgh and Pine-Richland. The course is taught according to the University’s Basic Physics for Science & Engineering 1 (Phys 0174) which is a calculus-based course. Students will receive two sets of grades, one from Pine-Richland and one from the University of Pittsburgh. The university grade will be based on three exams during the term and one cumulative final exam. There is a registration fee associated with this course. Upon successful completion of the course, students will receive four credits from the University of Pittsburgh which will be supplied on a university transcript.Course Title: Organic Chemistry Department: Science
Grade Level: 11 and 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 min/5 days a week Length of Course: YearUnits of Study:Unit 1: Bonding in Organic CompoundsUnit 2: Alkanes & CycloalkanesUnit 3: Stereoisomerism & ChiralityUnit 4: Functional GroupsUnit 5: Intro to Organic ReactionsUnit 6: AromaticsUnit 7: Polymers
Curriculum-Based Assessments: Chapter Tests and Quizzes, Midterm and Final Exam, Laboratory Experiments and Projects
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:This course is designed to provide an introduction to the basic principles of organic chemistry. It is primarily for those students interested in a medical or science-related field in college. Course topics include structure and bonding, the nature of organic compounds, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic compounds, stereochemistry, and functional groups. Laboratory investigations supplement and reinforce topics covered.Course Title: Physical Science Department: ScienceGrade Level: 11 and 12Time Per Day/Week: 42 minutes everyday Length of Course: Year
Primary Resources: Physical Science; McGraw Hill
Units of Study:Unit 1: Introduction to Physical ScienceUnit 2: Composition of MatterUnit 3: Periodic Table and ModelingUnit 4: The Density of Regular/Irregular ObjectsUnit 5: Speed and VelocityUnit 6: AccelerationUnit 7: ForcesUnit 8: Energy/Work/Simple Machines
Curriculum Based Assessments: Unit Tests, Lab Assessments, Mid-Term/Final Exams
Standardized Assessments: N/A
Description of Course:Students are provided with a survey of the basic concepts of physics, such as heat, light, sound, motion, energy, electricity, magnetism, and related chemical principles. Students are presented with current developments in technology and their applications within society. Emphasis is placed upon the improvement of reading, writing, and mathematical skills. Laboratory experiments are provided to reinforce basic skills and develop good lab techniques. Please note that students who have previously passed Chemistry or Physics may not take this course.